ICT excels in several areas of custom conjugation (linking molecules together) including: conjugating hapten groups (i.e., drug) to carrier proteins; covalently attaching signal-generating enzymes to antibodies (as a means of labeling the antibodies); coupling fluorescent labels to specific proteins (including antibodies) and peptides; and biotinylation of antibodies and proteins (for use in avidin-biotin interactions). Every conjugation is made specifically for each client, ensuring maximum utility and specificity. 
     Conjugated molecules can be used as immunogens (when injected into mice, goats, chickens, or other species) to generate antibodies within that animal. Correct conjugation methods are essential to direct the specific molecular orientation of the hapten group onto the carrier protein. This orientation is critical for proper presentation and processing in the animal to ensure the generation of hapten- specific antibodies.
     Various enzymes, such as HRP and AP, can be attached to antibodies and proteins to act as signal-generating molecules. Enzymes can be covalently coupled to our clients’ specific antibody using maleimide-sulfhydryl coupling chemistries. Periodate oxidation methods, which specifically direct the coupling location to the Fc portion of the antibody molecule, may also be utilized. Attachment through this location minimizes the steric hindrance associated with coupling an enzyme molecule near the Fab region of the antibody. Through the use of different coupling chemistries, we can maintain the activity of the antibody by directing the position of the label so that it does not interfere with the antigen binding site. In addition, non-enzymatic fluorescent labels and biotin can be coupled to specific antibodies, proteins, and peptides as a means of signal generation.
     ICT works closely with each client to clearly understand their objectives (to identify the proper coupling technique) prior to beginning the conjugation and immunization process. As each conjugation is unique, they are made specifically for each client as required. Because we are experts in antibody conjugation techniques, ICT can provide a properly conjugated product quickly and efficiently.

Pricing
     For prices regarding other enzymes, fluorescent labels, and hapten-carrier conjugations, or for higher volumes, please contact us for a specific quote.  Conjugation projects may take a few days to a few weeks to complete (most projects are done within 1 week).

*As the success of hapten-carrier conjugations is largely dependent upon the structure of the hapten, regular prices cannot be set and must be determined in each case.  Please contact us for a specific quote at gary@immunochemistry.com .

Conjugation Questionnaire

1. What molecules must be conjugated?
2. Have the molecules been purified?
3. Do you have the molecules, or can they be purchased?
4. What will the conjugate be used for?
5. Does the conjugated molecule have to retain its functionality?
6. What form are the molecules currently in? (for example, frozen serum or buffer)
7. What is the pH and composition of the buffer?
8. What is the concentration of the molecule?
9. How much of the molecule do you have? 
10. How much must be conjugated?

Need to connect some molecules? 

Call us 800-829-3194

How do I hire ICT to do a conjugation for me?

1. Contact us to briefly discuss your project.
2. Request a confidentiality agreement (if necessary).
3. Fax / email / send us the structure of your molecule.
4. Discuss the project with us in further detail so we fully understand your goals.
5. After reviewing the structures of the molecules to be conjugated, our scientists will determine how to conjugate them and prepare a quote.
6. Accept the quote, send us your molecules, pay the front fee, and we’ll get started as soon as possible!